- renowned [rɪˈnaʊnd]: renombrado
- landscape [ˈlænskeɪp]: panorama
- affair [əˈfɛə]: asunto
- concern [kənˈs3ːn]: afectar, concernir
- citizen [ˈsɪtɪzn]: ciudadano
- debt [det]: deuda
- main [meɪn]: principal
- incumbent [ɪnˈkʌmbənt]: obligatorio, forzoso
- prevail [prɪˈveɪl]: prevalecer
- stagnation [stægˈneɪʃən]: estancamiento
- former [ˈfɔːmər]: anterior
- deep [diːp]: profundo
- several [ˈsevrəl]: varios
- held [held]: detener
- ownership [ˈəʊnəʃɪp]: propiedad
- current [ˈkʌrənt]: actual
- emphasis [ˈemfəsɪs]: énfasis
- airwaves [ˈɛəweɪvz]: ondas radiofónicas, ondas de radio
- network [ˈnetw3ːk]: red
- gang [gæŋ]: banda
- side [saɪd]: lado
- hold [həʊld]: agarrar
- earthquake [ˈ3ːθkweɪk]: terremoto
- uncover [ʌnˈkʌvər]: descubrir
- prosecution [ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən]: acusación
domingo, 7 de diciembre de 2014
Vocabulary
Timeline
A chronology of key events:
1915 - Italy enters World War I on side of Allies.
1919 - Gains Trentino, South Tyrol, and Trieste under peace treaties.
1922 - Fascist leader Mussolini forms government after three years of political and economic unrest.
1926 - Suppression of opposition parties.
1929 - Lateran Treaty creates state of Vatican City.
1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia.
1936 - Mussolini forms axis with Nazi Germany.
1939 - Albania annexed.
1940 - Italy enters World War II on German side. Italian forces occupy British Somaliland in East Africa.
1941 - Italy declares war on USSR.
1943 - Sicily invaded by Allies. King Victor Emmanuel III imprisons Mussolini. Armistice signed with Allies. Italy declares war on Germany.
1944 - Allied armies liberate Rome.
1945 - Mussolini, who had been rescued from prison by Germans, is captured and executed by Italian partisans.
Towards European integration
1946 - Referendum votes for republic to replace monarchy.
1947 - Italy cedes land and territories under peace treaty.
1948 - New constitution. Christian Democrats win elections.
1951 - Italy joins European Coal and Steel Community.
1955 - Italy joins United Nations.
1957 - Founder member of European Economic Community.
1963 - Italian Socialist Party joins Christian Democrat-led coalition under Prime Minister Aldo Moro.
1972 - Giulio Andreotti becomes prime minister - a post he will hold seven times in 20 years.
1976-78 - Communist election gains lead to voice in policy making.
1978 - Former Prime Minister Aldo Moro kidnapped and murdered by fanatical left-wing group, the Red Brigades. Abortion legalised.
1980 - Bombing of Bologna station kills 84, linked to right-wing extremists.
1983 - Bettino Craxi becomes Italy's first Socialist prime minister since war.
1984 - Roman Catholicism loses status as state religion.
1991 - Communists rename themselves Democratic Party of the Left.
Benito Mussolini
Strong oratory helped to bring Fascist 'Il Duce' to power
- Born in 1883
- Became dictator in 1922
- Shot dead by partisans in 1945
Corruption probe
1992 - Revelations of high level corruption spark several years of arrests and investigations.
Top anti-Mafia prosecutor, Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three bodyguards killed in car bomb attack.
1993 - Bribery scandal leads to Craxi's resignation as leader of Socialist Party. He later flees the country, is tried and sentenced in absentia to imprisonment but dies in Tunisia in 2000.
1994 March - Freedom Alliance wins election. The coalition, which includes Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia, the Northern League and the neo-Fascist National Alliance, collapses by end of year following clashes with anticorruption magistrates and a battle with trade unions over pension reform.
1995-96 - Lamberto Dini heads government of technocrats. Austerity budget.
1996 - Centre-left Olive Tree alliance wins election. Romano Prodi becomes prime minister.
1997 - Earthquakes strike Umbria region, causing extensive damage to Basilica of St Francis of Assisi. Four killed.
Prodi government loses confidence vote. Massimo D'Alema becomes prime minister.
1999 - Carlo Ciampi becomes president.
2000 April - D'Alema resigns after poor regional election results and is replaced by Giuliano Amato.
Berlusconi comeback
2001 May/June - A centre-right coalition, led by Silvio Berlusconi of the Forza Italia party, wins the general elections.
Berlusconi forms new coalition government which includes the leaders of two right-wing parties, Gianfranco Fini of the National Alliance and Umberto Bossi of the Northern League as well as the pro-European Renato Ruggiero who becomes foreign minister.
2001 Oct - First constitutional referendum since 1946 sees vote in favour of major constitutional change giving greater autonomy to the country's 20 regions in tax, education and environment policies.
2002 Jan - Euro replaces the lira.
Foreign Minister Renato Ruggiero resigns in protest at the Eurosceptical views of right-wing cabinet colleagues.
2002 February-March - Controversy as parliament approves bill enabling Berlusconi to keep control of his businesses.
2002 October - Lower house of parliament passes controversial criminal reform bill which critics allege is intended to help PM Berlusconi avoid trial on corruption charges.
Organised crime
Funeral of Judge Falcone, murdered by the mafia
Berlusconi in court
2003 May-June - Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi appears in Milan court at his own trial on corruption charges relating to business dealings in the 1980s. He asserts that he is the victim of a conspiracy by a politically-motivated judiciary.
2003 June - Mr Berlusconi's trial halted after parliament passes law granting immunity from prosecution to five holders of key state posts, including the prime minister.
2003 November - Italy declares national day of mourning after 19 of its servicemen are killed in a suicide bomb attack on their base in southern Iraq.
Multi-billion euro fraud uncovered at Parmalat food-manufacturing giant. The company is declared insolvent.
2004 January - Constitutional Court throws out law granting Mr Berlusconi and other top state post holders immunity from prosecution. Mr Berlusconi's trial resumes in April.
2004 October - Forced expulsion from island of Lampedusa of hundreds of African asylum seekers is criticised by UN.
2004 December - After a four-year trial Prime Minister Berlusconi is cleared of corruption.
2005 March - Italian secret service officer shot dead during operation to free hostage in Iraq.
2005 April - Parliament ratifies EU constitution.
Government coalition collapses after suffering a crushing defeat in regional polls. Berlusconi resigns. Days later, he forms a new government after receiving a presidential mandate.
2005 December - Antonio Fazio resigns as governor of Bank of Italy following a scandal over the sale of Banca Antonveneta. He denies acting improperly.
2006 January - Defence minister says Italian troops will leave Iraq. The mission ends in September 2006.
Prodi in, then out
2006 April - Centre-left leader Romano Prodi wins closely-fought general elections. He is sworn in as prime minister in May.
Italy's most-wanted man, suspected head of the Sicilian mafia Bernardo Provenzano, is captured by police.
2006 May - Giorgio Napolitano, a former communist, is elected president.
2006 June - National referendum rejects reforms intended to boost the powers of the prime minister and regions. The changes were proposed during Silvio Berlusconi's premiership.
2006 August - Hundreds of Italian peacekeepers leave for Lebanon. Italy is set to become the biggest contributor to the UN-mandated force.
2007 February - Prime Minister Prodi resigns after the government loses a Senate vote on its foreign policy. The president asks him to stay on and Mr Prodi goes on to win confidence votes in both houses of parliament.
2008 January - A no-confidence vote forces Mr Prodi's government to resign.
Berlusconi back again
2008 April - Berlusconi wins general elections, securing a third term as premier after two years in opposition.
2008 August - Berlusconi apologises to Libya for damage inflicted by Italy during the colonial era and signs a $5bn investment deal by way of compensation.
Italy's national airline, Alitalia, files for bankruptcy.
2008 November - After posting two consecutive quarters of negative growth, Italy is declared to be officially in recession.
2009 April - Earthquake strikes towns in the mountainous Abruzzo region, leaving hundreds of people dead and thousands homeless.
2009 May-July - Parliament approves controversial law criminalising illegal immigration and allowing citizens' patrols.
2009 October - Constitutional court overturns law that granted Premier Berlusconi immunity while in office.
2010 March - Mr Berlusconi's coalition makes strong gains from the centre-left in regional polls.
Media magnate and consummate survivor Silvio Berlusconi dominated Italian politics for decades
Coalition splits
2010 July - Government survives confidence vote on austerity package meant to bolster the country's finances.
Mr Berlusconi splits with his former political ally, speaker of parliament Gianfranco Fini, who sets up rival centre-right party Future and Freedom for Italy (FLI).
2010 August - Mr Berlusconi's coalition loses majority in lower house of parliament after more than 30 deputies break away from his People of Freedom party (PdL) and join Mr Fini's FLI.
2011 February - A Milan judge orders Mr Berlusconi to stand trial on 6 April for abuse of power and paying for sex with an under-age prostitute.
2011 July - IMF calls on Italy to do more to reduce its public debt - one of the largest in the eurozone - and push through spending cuts.
2011 September - Parliament gives final approval to a 54bn euro (£47bn; $74bn) austerity package. The package contains a pledge to balance the budget by 2013.
2011 October - Prime Minister Berlusconi wins key confidence vote over his handling of the economy.
More than 130 members of the public and more than 100 policemen are injured in mass protests in Rome marking a day of global protest against austerity and banking practices.
Berlusconi quits
2011 November - Amid growing doubts about Italy's debt burden, Mr Berlusconi resigns after his government fails to gain a full majority in the Chamber of Deputies during a budget vote. President Giorgio Napolitano nominates former European Union commissioner Mario Monti to form a government of technocrats.
2011 December - Mr Monti's package of austerity measures amounting to 33bn euros (£27bn; $43bn) of spending cuts gains parliamentary approval. The package also includes measures to raise taxes and tackle tax evasion.
2012 January - Government issues de-regulation decree designed to curb restrictive practices, reduce protectionism and encourage competition. The decree is intended to promote a more meritocratic system and to make it easier for young people to find employment. US ratings agency Fitch downgrades Italy's credit rating by two notches to A-.
2012 May - Left-wing and protest parties prosper in local elections in a measure of public discontent with austerity measures, with the centre-right People of Freedom (PdL) party and its Lega Nord ally performing badly.
Berlusconi convicted
2012 October - A senior member of the PdL, Franco Fiorito, is arrested on charges of embezzling public money.
A Milan court finds Silvio Berlusconi guilty of tax fraud in connection with his Mediaset empire's purchase of the TV rights to US films. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeals process.
2012 December - Mr Berlusconi's PdL party withdraws support from Mario Monti's technocratic government. Parliament is dissolved.
2013 February - Parliamentary elections hand Pier Luigi Bersani's centre-left bloc control of the lower house, but not of the Senate. A protest movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo surges into third place, with Prime Minister Mario Monti's centre bloc trailing in fourth place.
2013 March - Silvio Berlusconi is sentenced to a year in jail over an illegal wiretap. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeals process.
2013 April - Giorgio Napolitano is re-elected president - the first time an Italian president is voted in for a second term.
Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party (PD) becomes prime minister at the head of a grand coalition that also includes Silvio Berlusconi's PdL, after Pier Luigi Bersani steps down as PD leader.
2013 June - Silvio Berlusconi is found guilty of paying for sex with an underage prostitute and sentenced to seven years in jail. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeals process.
Berlusconi conviction upheld
2013 August - Italy's highest court upholds Silvio Berlusconi's sentencing for tax fraud in October 2012, in the former prime minister's first definitive conviction. He is unlikely to go to jail because of his age.
Anti-austerity prtoests swept Italy in 2012 and 2013
2013 September - The Senate starts the process of expelling Mr Berlusconi from parliament. Mr Berlusconi says he will bring down the government, but later backs down after several party colleagues refuse to go along with the move.
2013 October - The governor of Sicily declares a state of emergency after hundreds of migrants die in shipwrecks while attempting to reach Europe from Africa.
2013 November - The Italian Senate expels Mr Berlusconi from parliament over his conviction for tax fraud, depriving him of his immunity from arrest.
2013 December - Florence mayor Matteo Renzi wins the leadership of the centre-left Democratic Party.
Protests by the anti-austerity Forconi (Pitchfork) movement take place across Italy.
2014 February - Prime Minister Enrico Letta resigns after his Democratic Party (PD) backs a call for a new administration.
The PD leader and mayor of Florence, Matteo Renzi, forms a new left-right coalition government and unveils plans for major economic and political reform.
2014 July - Former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi wins an appeal against his conviction in June 2013 for paying for sex with an underage prostitute.
2014 August - The upper house of parliament, the Senate, votes to back Prime Minister Matteo Renzi's plans to drastically cut the chamber's size and powers.
Media
Television is a potentially powerful tool in Italy
Italy's heady blend of politics and media has often made headlines at home and abroad, with concern regularly being expressed over the concentration of media ownership in the hands of one man - former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.
Mr Berlusconi's Mediaset empire operates Italy's top private TV stations, and the public broadcaster, Rai, has traditionally been subject to political influence, so that when Mr Berlusconi was prime minister, he was able to exert tight control over both public and private broadcasting.
Between them, Rai and Mediaset dominate Italy's TV market and are a potentially powerful political tool, especially as 80% of the population is said to rely on television for its daily news - the highest percentage in the EU. From 2010-11 a more recent entry into the TV market with a strong emphasis on news and current affairs, La7, steadily increased its viewer ratings.
News Corp-owned Sky Italia has a near-monopoly of the pay-TV sector.
The Italian press is highly regionalised, reflecting the country's strongly regional history and character. Milan in particular is home to many dailies and news magazines. Most newspapers are privately-owned, often linked to a political party or run by a large media group. Newspaper readership figures are low compared to other European countries.
Around 2,500 commercial radio stations broadcast in Italy. Some have national coverage; most are music-based. They share the airwaves with public broadcaster Rai's networks.
Reporters Without Borders has warned of the "grip of mafia gangs" on the media, which it says forces many journalists to tread warily. And the Berlusconi government's attempts to introduce a "gag law" that would have restricted reporting based on material gained from police wiretaps gave rise to protests from freedom of expression campaigners.
By June 2012 there were 35.8 million internet users (Internetworldstats.com). Facebook is the most popular social media platform.
Summary:
La mezcla embriagadora de Italia de la política y los medios de comunicación a menudo ha sido noticia en el país y en el extranjero, debido a que esta solamente en manos de un solo hombre - el ex primer ministro Silvio Berlusconi.
El Imperio Mediaset de Berlusconi opera las principales cadenas de
televisión privadas de Italia, y la cadena pública, Rai, ha sido
tradicionalmente objeto de influencia política, de modo que cuando Berlusconi
era primer ministro, él era capaz de ejercer un estricto control sobre tanto la
radiodifusión pública y privada.
Propiedad de News Corp Sky Italia tiene casi un monopolio del
sector de la televisión de pago.
La televisión es una herramienta potencialmente poderosa en Italia. El número de lectores de periódicos son bajos en comparación
con otros países europeos. Tiene alrededor de 2.500 estaciones de radio comerciales
transmitidos en Italia.
Reporteros sin Fronteras ha advertido del "apretón de
bandas mafiosas" en los medios de comunicación, lo que se dice obliga a
muchos periodistas a andar con cautela. Y los intentos del gobierno de
Berlusconi para introducir una "ley mordaza" que habría restringido
el reporte basado en el material obtenido de las escuchas telefónicas de la
policía dio lugar a protestas de activistas de la libertad de expresión.
En junio de 2012 había 35,8 millones de usuarios de Internet
(Internetworldstats.com). Facebook es la plataforma de medios sociales más
populares.
Leaders
President: Giorgio Napolitano
Giorgio Napolitano was re-elected as president of Italy in April 2013 - the first time in the history of the Italian republic that an incumbent president had been voted in to serve a second term.
The 87-years-old Mr Napolitano had previously signalled that he was keen to retire and had ruled himself out as a candidate, but after five rounds of voting failed to elect a new president, he was prevailed upon to stand as a consensus candidate in the sixth round.
Mr Napolitano's re-election came in the wake of an inconclusive parliamentary election in February 2013 that gave rise to protracted negotiations over the new government.
During this period, the president came to be seen as a guarantor of stability, although some saw Mr Napolitano's re-election as a further sign of political stagnation.
Giorgio Napolitano began his first term of office in May 2006, when he was sworn in as Italy's 11th post-war president. The former member of the Italian Communist Party was among the leading architects of the party's transformation into a social democratic movement.
The Italian president heads the armed forces and has powers to veto legislation, disband parliament and call elections.
Prime Minister: Matteo Renzi
Mr Renzi believes Italian politics need a radical overhaul
Matteo Renzi became the youngest prime minister in modern Italian history after triggering the ousting of his fellow centre-left Democratic Party (PD) colleague Enrico Letta in February 2014.
Mr Renzi came to power with a programme of rapid economic and political reform, including tax cuts, investment in jobs and removing law-making powers from the upper house, the Senate.
Unusually, the PD leader was not a member of parliament when President Giorgio Napolitano nominated him to form a government, but the outgoing mayor of his native Florence.
Mr Letta had resigned after only a year as prime minister after the PD voted in favour of an urgent change of government to push through reforms.
The showdown came after Mr Renzi, who was elected the party's leader in December 2013, called for "profound change" to get Italy "out of the quagmire".
Born in 1975, Mr Renzi presents himself as a radical break from the past in both style and policy, and his rise has been widely hailed as heralding an overdue generational change.
His calls for the entire Italian political establishment - seen by many Italians as corrupt and discredited - to be swept away has earned him the moniker Il Rottamatore ("The Scrapper").
He wants to move the PD to the centre and to reach out to new voters, leading to frequent comparisons with Tony Blair, the similarly centrist former social democratic prime minister of the United Kingdom.
Apart from the PD, Mr Renzi's new government includes several smaller centrist parties.
After inconclusive elections held in the middle of a deep recession, Mr Renzi's predecessor, Enrico Letta, in April 2013 needed a broad partnership with former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's conservatives, as well as centrists led by former prime minister Mario Monti, to form a government.
The coalition at first appeared to pave the way for yet another political comeback for Mr Berlusconi, who was forced to resign in 2011 as Italy slid deeper into the eurozone's sovereign debt crisis.
But in August 2013, the Supreme Court upheld a custodial sentence for Mr Berlusconi in the first of a series of criminal convictions. The former prime minister, who dominated Italian politics for decades, was expelled from parliament later in the year.x
Summary
Presidente: Giorgio Napolitano
Giorgio Napolitano fue reelegido como presidente de Italia en abril de 2013 - la primera vez en la historia de la república italiana que un presidente en ejercicio había sido votado en servir a un segundo mandato.
Giorgio Napolitano comenzó su primer mandato en mayo de 2006, cuando fue juramentado como presidente número 11 de la posguerra de Italia. El ex miembro del Partido Comunista Italiano, fue uno de los principales artífices de la transformación del partido en un movimiento socialdemócrata.
El presidente italiano dirige las fuerzas armadas y tiene facultades para vetar la legislación, disolver el Parlamento y convocar elecciones.
Giorgio Napolitano comenzó su primer mandato en mayo de 2006, cuando fue juramentado como presidente número 11 de la posguerra de Italia. El ex miembro del Partido Comunista Italiano, fue uno de los principales artífices de la transformación del partido en un movimiento socialdemócrata.
El presidente italiano dirige las fuerzas armadas y tiene facultades para vetar la legislación, disolver el Parlamento y convocar elecciones.
Primer Ministro: Matteo Renzi
Matteo Renzi se convirtió en el primer ministro más joven en
la historia moderna italiana después de activarse la expulsión de su compañero
de Partido Democrático de centro-izquierda (PD) colega Enrico Letta, en febrero
de 2014.
Inusualmente, el líder PD no era miembro del parlamento cuando el presidente Giorgio Napolitano lo nominó para formar un gobierno, pero el alcalde saliente de su Florencia natal.
Renzi, quien fue elegido líder del partido en diciembre de 2013, pidió "cambio profundo" para Italia "salir del atolladero".
Aparte de la PD, el nuevo gobierno del señor Renzi incluye varios partidos centristas más pequeños.
Después de las elecciones no concluyentes a cabo en medio de una profunda recesión, predecesor de Renzi, Enrico Letta, en abril de 2013 necesitaba una amplia alianza con los conservadores del ex primer ministro Silvio Berlusconi, así como centristas liderados por el ex primer ministro Mario Monti, para formar un gobierno .
El ex primer ministro, que dominó la política italiana durante décadas, fue expulsado del parlamento más tarde en el year.x
Facts
- Full name: Italian Republic
- Population: 61 million (UN, 2012)
- Capital: Rome
- Area: 301,338 sq km (116,346 sq miles)
- Major language: Italian
- Major religion: Christianity
- Life expectancy: 79 years (men), 85 years (women) (UN)
- Monetary unit: 1 euro = 100 cents
- Main exports: Machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, clothes, wine
- GNI per capita: US $35,320 (World Bank, 2011)
- Internet domain: .it
- International dialling code: +39
In 2011 Italy marked 150 years of unity, promoted by commander Giuseppe Garibaldi, whose statue is pictured leftOverview
Take the art works of Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Tintoretto and Caravaggio, the operas of Verdi and Puccini, the cinema of Federico Fellini, add the architecture of Venice, Florence and Rome and you have just a fraction of Italy's treasures from over the centuries.
While the country is renowned for these and other delights, it is also notorious for its precarious political life and has had several dozen governments since the end of World War II.
The Italian political landscape underwent a seismic shift in the early 1990s when the "mani pulite" ("clean hands") operation exposed corruption at the highest levels of politics and big business. Several former prime ministers were implicated and thousands of businessmen and politicians were investigated.
There were high hopes at the time that the "mani pulite" scandal would give rise to a radical reform of Italian political culture, but these hopes were dashed when the old structures were replaced by a new political landscape dominated by the multi-millionaire businessman Silvio Berlusconi, who himself became increasingly mired in scandals and corruption affairs.
The growing popularity since 2009 of a protest movement led by the comedian and activist Beppe Grillo reflects the level of discontent with all the mainstream parties, which many Italians see as being irredeemably self-serving and out of touch with the concerns of ordinary citizens.
Italy was one of the six countries that signed the 1951 Paris Treaty setting Europe off on the path to integration. It has been staunchly at the heart of Europe ever since, although the government led by Mr Berlusconi in the early 2000s adopted a more Eurosceptic stance.
Mr Berlusconi sought to align Italy more closely to the US, breaking ranks with the country's traditional allies, France and Germany, in his support for the US-led campaign in Iraq.
Italy is the fourth largest European economy and for long enjoyed one of the highest per capita incomes in Europe, despite the decline in traditional industries such as textiles and car manufacturing as a result of globalisation.
But it became one of the first eurozone victims of the global financial crisis of 2008. By mid-2012, Italy had the second-highest level of public debt - a towering 123% of GDP (annual economic output) - in the eurozone.
There is concern over Italy's birth rate - one of the lowest in Europe - and the economic implications of an ageing population.
Italy is famed for its historical cities, such as VeniceSummary
Italia no solamente es famosa por sus destacadas obras de arte y sus autores también es notoria por su vida política precaria y docenas de gobiernos desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
El panorama político italiano se sometió a un cambio radical en la década de 1990 cuando la "mani pulite" ("manos limpias") operación denunció la corrupción en los más altos niveles de la política y las grandes empresas.
Había grandes esperanzas en el momento que el escándalo "mani pulite" daría lugar a una reforma radical de la cultura política italiana, pero estas esperanzas se desvanecieron cuando las viejas estructuras fueron reemplazadas por un nuevo paisaje político dominado por el hombre de negocios multimillonario Silvio Berlusconi, quien se hizo cada vez más envuelto en escándalos y asuntos de corrupción.
Ha sido firmemente en el corazón de Europa desde entonces, aunque el gobierno liderado por Berlusconi en la década de 2000 adoptó una postura más euroescéptica.
Berlusconi buscó alinear Italia más de cerca a los EE.UU., rompiendo filas con los aliados tradicionales del país, Francia y Alemania, apoyando a la campaña liderada por Estados Unidos en Irak.Italia es el cuarto más grande economía europea y por mucho tiempo disfrutó de uno de los mayores ingresos per cápita en Europa por, a pesar del declive de las industrias tradicionales como el textil y la fabricación de automóviles como resultado de la globalización.
Hay preocupación por la tasa de nacimiento Italia - uno de los más bajos de Europa - y las implicaciones económicas del envejecimiento de la población.
miércoles, 26 de noviembre de 2014
Sony to compensate PlayStation Vita owners after bad ad
Summary:
Sony will compensate buyers PS Vita to be fooled by a fake ad. The ad showed qualities of the console that does not exist.The complaint has come from the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), saying:
- The cross platform feature was not available for all games, as implied
- When cross platform was offered it was more limited than shown.
- The ad failed to make clear that to make use of cross platform, the user needed to buy two versions of the same game
- You can not use both devices together in multiplayer games
- You can not transmitting PlayStation 3 games, showing even, items of Killzone 3, game that never was compatible with Vita.
- Misleading messages by the agency in their work on social networks like Twitter.
Users must choose between a cash consideration of $ 25 or $ 50 downloadable material, provided they live in the US and have bought a Vita before 1 June 2012.
Vocabulary:
Reimburse /ˌriːɪmˈb3ːs / : reembolsar
Device / dɪˈvaɪs / : aparato
Complaints / kəmˈpleɪnt / : quejas
Settlement / ˈsetlmənt / : acuerdo
Handheld / ˈhændheld / : portátil
Claims / kleɪm / : reclamación
Pull / pʊl / : tirar
Firm / f3ːm / : agencia
Revolutionise / ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz / : revolucionar
Voucher / ˈvaʊtʃər / : cupón
Announcement / əˈnaʊnsmənt / : anuncio
Complex / ˈkɒmpleks / : complicado
Agreement / əˈgriːmənt / : acuerdo
Cross platform / krɒs / ˈplætfɔːm /: multiplataforma
Same / seɪm / : mismo
Depicted / dɪˈpɪkt / : representar
Against / əˈgenst / : contra
Both / bəʊθ / : ambos
Otherwise / ˈʌðəwaɪz / : de otra manera
Depict / dɪˈpɪkt / : representar
Among / əˈmʌŋ / : entre, dentro de
Fact / fækt / : hecho
Spokesman / ˈspəʊksmən / : portavoz
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